Prolactin is a hormone produced by both men and women, primarily known for its role in milk production during pregnancy and breastfeeding. However, abnormal prolactin levels can indicate underlying health issues. Here’s what you need to know:
When to Measure Prolactin Levels?
Prolactin levels are typically measured when symptoms such as headaches, vision problems, or infertility are present.
Testing may also be recommended before undergoing fertility treatments or if there are concerns about hormonal imbalances.
Procedure for Prolactin Testing
The test involves a simple blood draw, usually done in the morning after fasting for several hours.
It is important to avoid stress, exercise, and nipple stimulation before the test, as these factors can affect results.
Causes of Abnormal Prolactin Levels
High prolactin levels (hyperprolactinemia) can result from various conditions, including pituitary disorders, hypothyroidism, and certain medications.
Low levels (hypoprolactinemia) are rare but may indicate an underactive pituitary gland or postpartum complications.
Prolactin and Fertility
In females, high prolactin levels can disrupt ovulation and menstrual cycles, leading to infertility and other symptoms.
In males, elevated prolactin levels can cause erectile dysfunction and reduced sex drive, potentially impacting fertility.
Treatment Options
Medications are commonly used to lower prolactin levels and manage associated symptoms.
Surgery or radiation therapy may be necessary in rare cases, such as when a prolactinoma (pituitary tumor) is present.
Side Effects and Complications
Untreated high prolactin levels can lead to infertility, menstrual irregularities, and decreased bone density.
Medications used to treat high prolactin levels may cause side effects such as nausea and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Prolactin level testing is a straightforward way to assess hormonal balance and identify underlying health conditions. Abnormalities in prolactin levels can impact fertility and overall well-being, but appropriate treatment can effectively manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Understanding your prolactin levels and seeking timely medical evaluation can help address any concerns and ensure optimal reproductive health. If you experience symptoms or have questions about prolactin, consult with your doctor for personalized guidance and support.
